Overview
Data visualization fails when chart type doesn't match data relationship. A pie chart with 12 slices, a bar chart comparing 3 data points that span a narrow range (making differences appear larger than they are), a dual-axis line chart where the axes are scaled to make a correlation look causal — these are the standard failures that produce charts that mislead more than they inform. Correct chart selection is determined by the data relationship being communicated, not by aesthetic preference.
The Data Visualization Strategy selects chart types based on data relationship type, designs visual hierarchy that directs attention to the key insight, and writes chart titles that state the finding rather than just labeling what was plotted.